Lexicon :: Strong's H7307 - rûaḥ

רוּחַ

Transliteration

rûaḥ

Pronunciation

roo'-akh

Part of Speech

feminine noun

Root Word (Etymology)

From רִיחַ (H7306)

Dictionary Aids

TWOT Reference: 2131a

Strong's Info

Strong’s Definitions

רוּחַ rûwach, roo'-akh; from H7306; wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions):—air, anger, blast, breath, × cool, courage, mind, × quarter, × side, spirit(-ual), tempest, × vain, (whirl-) wind(-y).

KJV Translation Count — Total: 378x

The KJV translates Strong's H7307 in the following manner: Spirit or spirit (232x), wind (92x), breath (27x), side (6x), mind (5x), blast (4x), vain (2x), air (1x), anger (1x), cool (1x), courage (1x), miscellaneous (6x).

KJV Translation Count — Total: 378x

Outline of Biblical Usage [?]

wind, breath, mind, spirit
1. breath
2. wind
  1. of heaven
  2. quarter (of wind), side
  3. breath of air
  4. air, gas
  5. vain, empty thing
3. spirit (as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation)
  1. spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour
  2. courage
  3. temper, anger
  4. impatience, patience
  5. spirit, disposition (as troubled, bitter, discontented)
  6. disposition (of various kinds), unaccountable or uncontrollable impulse
  7. prophetic spirit
4. spirit (of the living, breathing being in man and animals)
  1. as gift, preserved by God, God's spirit, departing at death, disembodied being
5. spirit (as seat of emotion)
  1. desire
  2. sorrow, trouble
6. spirit
  1. as seat or organ of mental acts
  2. rarely of the will
  3. as seat especially of moral character
7. Spirit of God, the third person of the triune God, the Holy Spirit, coequal, coeternal with the Father and the Son
  1. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy
  2. as impelling prophet to utter instruction or warning
  3. imparting warlike energy and executive and administrative power
  4. as endowing men with various gifts
  5. as energy of life
  6. as manifest in the Shekinah glory
  7. never referred to as a depersonalised force

Strong’s Definitions [?](Strong’s Definitions Legend)

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon [?] (Jump to Scripture Index)

STRONGS H7307: Abbreviations

רוּחַ ₃₇₈ noun feminine^{Genesis 41:8} (less often masculine^{Exodus 10:13} +) breath, wind, spirit; — absolute ר׳ Genesis 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Jeremiah 52:23; construct רוּחַ Genesis 6:17 +; suffix רוּחִי Genesis 6:3 +, רוּחֲךָ Psalm 104:30 +, etc.; plural רוּחוֺת Psalm 104:4 +, רֻחוֺת Jeremiah 49:36, רוּחֹת Numbers 16:22; Numbers 26:16 (see Br^{רוח in O.T., JBL xix (1900), 132 ff.}, full statement of all passages); —

†1. breath of mouth or nostrils (33 times):

a. פִּיו רוּחַ Job 15:30 breath of his mouth, compare Job 19:17; אַפֵּינוּ רוּחַ Lamentations 4:20 (figurative of king), of idols לֹא רוּחַ בָּם Jeremiah 10:14 = Jeremiah 51:17, Habakkuk 2:19; Psalm 135:17; compare Job 9:18.

b. as mere breath: compare 2e. דִּבְרֵירֿוּחַ Job 16:3 i.e. windy words; נוֺאָשׁ לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי Job 6:26, הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Jeremiah 5:13.

c. as word of command:

(1) of God: כָּל־ פִּיו בְּרוּחַ (נעשׂו) צְבָאָם Psalm 33:6, compare Isaiah 34:16 (|| פֶּה);

(2) of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Isaiah 11:4.

d. as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger:

(1) of God: יִכְלוּ אַפּוֹ מֵרוּח Job 4:9; Exodus 15:8 (poem), 2 Samuel 22:16 = Psalm 18:16; Isaiah 30:28; Isaiah 59:19;

(2) of man: רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Isaiah 25:4.

e. as sign and symbol of life: רוּחַ חַיִּים breath of life Genesis 6:17; Genesis 7:15 (P); בְּאַפָּיו חַיִּים רוּחַ רוּחַ Genesis 7:22 (P); Ezekiel 37:5, compare Ezekiel 37:6; Ezekiel 37:8; Ezekiel 37:9; Ezekiel 37:9; Ezekiel 37:9; Ezekiel 37:10; Ezekiel 37:14 (breath or spirit), Ecclesiastes 3:19.

2. wind (117 times):

a. wind of heaven: Genesis 8:1 (P) Exodus 15:10 (E) Numbers 11:31 (J) 1 Kings 18:45 +, Jeremiah 10:13, thence Jeremiah 51:16; Psalm 135:7; רוּחַ י׳ Hosea 13:15; Isaiah 40:7, compare Job 26:13 (Di Bu); † רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Exodus 10:13 (twice in verse); Exodus 14:21 (J) Psalm 48:8; Jeremiah 18:17; Ezekiel 17:10; Ezekiel 19:12; Ezekiel 27:26; Jonah 4:8; † צָפוֺן ר׳ north wind Proverbs 25:23; † יָם ר׳ sea wind (west wind) Exodus 10:19 (J);. † הַיּוֺם ר׳ day wind, evening wind Genesis 3:8 (J; compare Songs 2:17; Songs 4:6); † אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת four winds Jeremiah 49:36; Ezekiel 37:9 (quarters?) Daniel 8:8; Daniel 11:4 (figurative quarters; compare b), Zechariah 2:10; Zechariah 6:5; רוּחַ סְעְרָה storm wind Psalm 107:25; Psalm 148:8; Ezekiel 1:4 (סְעָרוֺת ר׳), Ezekiel 13:11, 13; רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind Psalm 55:9 (read possibly סערה Hup); בַּעְיָם רוּחוֺ Isaiah 11:15 (read בְּעֹצֶם ר׳, see עֲיָם, עֹצֶם), etc; wind personified: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2 Samuel 22:11 = Psalm 18:11; Psalm 104:3, compare Hosea 4:19; Psalm 104:4.

b. quarter (of wind), side: רוּחַ הַקָּדִים Ezekiel 42:16 east side; רוּחַ הַצָּפוֺן Ezekiel 42:17 north side; רוּחַ הַדָּרוֺם Ezekiel 42:18 south side; רוּחַ הַיָּם Ezekiel 42:19 west side; אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת Ezekiel 42:20; 1 Chronicles 9:24 four sides; ר֑וּחָה Jeremiah 52:23 on the sides.

c. breath of air: שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Jeremiah 14:6; רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵּינֵיהֶם Job 41:8.

d. air, gas, from womb (dubious): כְּמוֺ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isaiah 26:18 (Di, e); רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (RV breath) Isaiah 33:11 (Du, 3c).

e. vain, empty thing: רוּחַיָּי֑ Job 7:7 my life is wind; דַּעַת רוּחַ Job 15:2; רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם Isaiah 41:29; רְעוּת רוּחַ striving for wind Ecclesiastes 1:14; Ecclesiastes 2:11, 17, 26; Ecclesiastes 4:4, 6; Ecclesiastes 6:9; compare Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 4:16; Ecclesiastes 5:15.

†3. spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 times; so, distinctively, as compared with H5315 נֶפֶשׁ and H3824 לֵבָב):

a. spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour: לֹא הָיָה בָהּ עוֺד רוּחַ 1 Kings 10:5 2 Chronicles 9:4; מַהזֶּֿה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה 1 Kings 21:5; וַתְּחִי רוּחַ Genesis 45:27 (E); וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֺ Judges 15:19; 1 Samuel 30:12.

b. courage: לֹא הָיָה בָם עוֺד ר׳ Joshua 5:1; נְגִידִים יִבְצֹר ר׳ Psalm 76:13; מִצְרַיִם וְנָָֽבְקָה ר׳ Isaiah 19:3; תתעטּף רוּחִי Psalm 77:4; Psalm 142:4; Psalm 143:4; לֹא קָמָה עוֺד ר׳ Joshua 2:11; אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ ר׳ Proverbs 18:14.

c. temper, especially anger: רוּחַ רָעָה בֵּין וגו׳ Judges 9:23; אָז רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם Judges 8:3; משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֺ Proverbs 16:32, compare Proverbs 25:28; Proverbs 29:11; Job 15:13; הֵנִיחוּ אֶתרֿוּחִי Zechariah 6:8; Ecclesiastes 7:9; Ecclesiastes 10:4.

d. impatience or patience: קֹצֶר רוּחַ Exodus 6:9 (P) impatience, hastiness of temper, compare (of י׳) Micah 2:7; קְצַררֿוּחַ Proverbs 14:29 (|| אַפַּיִם אֶרֶךְ); הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי Job 32:18 (Du breath; Di Bu divine spirit, compare Job 32:8); אִם מַדּוּעַ לֹאתִֿקְצַר רוּחִי Job 21:4; הֲקָצַר רוּחַ י׳ Micah 2:7; אֶרֶךְ ר׳ Ecclesiastes 7:8.

e. spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented; רוּח(ו) וַתָּפָּעֶם (his) spirit was troubled Genesis 41:8 (E) Daniel 2:3, compare Daniel 2:1; מֹרַת רוּחַ Genesis 26:35 (P) bitterness of spirit; עֲצוּבַת ר׳ Isaiah 54:6, compare Ezekiel 3:14; Job 6:4.

f. as crushed: וְכִהֲתָה כָלרֿוּחַ Ezekiel 21:12, compare Isaiah 61:3; Proverbs 15:4, 13; Proverbs 17:22; Proverbs 18:14; Psalm 143:7.

g. disposition of various kinds, often unaccountable and uncontrollable impulse: הֵעִיר אֶתרֿוּחַ 1 Chronicles 5:26 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 21:16; 36:22; Ezra 1:1, 5; Jeremiah 51:11; Haggai 1:14 (3 times in verse); הִנְנִי נ(וֺ)תֵן בּוֺ רוּח 2 Kings 19:7 = Isaiah 37:7; Numbers 14:24 (J; see עִם 4b), Malachi 2:15 (twice in verse); Malachi 2:16; Deuteronomy 2:30; רוּחַ קִנְאָה jealous disposition Numbers 5:14 (twice in verse); Numbers 5:30 (P); רוּחַ וְנוּנִים Hosea 4:12; Hosea 5:4; רוּחַ עִוְעִים Isaiah 19:14; מִשְׁפָּט רוּחַ Isaiah 28:6; אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלהִֹרם בּוֺ (administrative) Genesis 41:38 (E); קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ הְּבוּנָה Proverbs 17:27.

h. prophetic spirit: יְהוֺשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁרֿ רוּחַ בּזֹ Numbers 27:18 (P; or g, as Genesis 41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ עַלאֱֿלִישָׁע 2 Kings 2:15, compare 2 Kings 2:9; רוּחַ תַּרְדֵמָה spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, compare Genesis 2:21; Genesis 15:12, but Di and others g, as Isaiah 19:14) Isaiah 29:10; Micah 2:11; רוּחַ הַטֻמְאָה Zechariah 13:2 (of lying prophets), compare Ezekiel 13:3.

†4. spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, || נֶפֶשׁ (25 times):

a. gift and creation of God: יֹצֵר רוּחַ אָדָם בְּקִרְבּוֺ Zechariah 12:1; בְּאַפִּי אֱלוֹהַּ רוּחַ Job 27:3, compare Isaiah 42:5.

b. God preserves it: רוּחִי שָֽׁמְרָה פְּקֻדָּֽתְךָ Job 10:12, compare Job 12:10; אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂ֑ר Numbers 16:22; Numbers 27:16 (P); תֹּכֵן רוּחוֺת Proverbs 16:2.

c. it is therefore God's spirit: Genesis 6:3 (J; see דִּין near the end).

d. it departs at death: Psalm 78:39 (Dr a wind that passeth away 2e); חַיֵּי רוּחִי Isaiah 38:16 (Di principle of life), Psalm 146:4; especially Psalm 104:29; Psalm 104:30; Job 17:1; Job 34:14 (compare Job 34:15), Isaiah 57:16; Ecclesiastes 8:8 (twice in verse) (wind Wild); אֵינְךָ יוֺדֵעַ מַהדֶּֿרֶךְ הָרוּחַ Ecclesiastes 11:5, compare Ecclesiastes 3:21; over ag. הָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶלהָֿאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ Ecclesiastes 12:7; בְּיָָֽדְךָ אַפְקִיד רוּחִי Psalm 31:6.

e. disembodied being (dubious, Di Du breath of wind): עַל־פָּנַי וְרוּחַ יַחֲלֹף Job 4:15.

†5. spirit as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ :

a. desire (possibly 3g), Isaiah 26:9 (|| נֶפֶשׁ).

b. sorrow, trouble (probably 3e), Job 7:11 (|| נֶפֶשׁ). — 1 Samuel 1:15 see קָשֶׁה.

†6. occasionally, (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts, || לֵב, or synonym with it: רוּחַ חָכְמָה Exodus 28:3; Deuteronomy 34:9 (both P; probably 3g); תּעֵי רוּחַ Isaiah 29:24, compare Job 20:3 (Hi Bu Du wind of Job's words), Psalm 77:7 ( Symm Jerome troubled disposition); רוּחַ יהוה Isaiah 40:13; come into mind Ezekiel 11:5, 20:32 (compare לֵב Isaiah 65:17; Jeremiah 3:16 +); 1 Chronicles 28:12.

†7. rarely of the will; also = רוּחַ נָכוֺן לֵב Psalm 51:12 [Psalm 51:10] (= לֵב נָכוֺן Psalm 57:8 (twice in verse) +); רוּחַ נְדִיבָה Psalm 51:14; רוּחוֺ נָֽדְבָה Exodus 35:21 (P; compare נְדִיב לֵב Exodus 35:5, 22 (P) 2 Chronicles 29:31).

†8. רוּחַ especially of moral character; also = ׃לֵב רוּחַ חֲדָשָׁה Ezekiel 11:19; 18:31; 36:26; רוּחִי Ezekiel 36:27; Isaiah 59:21 (רוּחִי, || דְּבָרַי; but probably prophetic spirit 9b); לֵב חָדָשׁ Ezekiel 18:31; Ezekiel 36:26; נְכֵה רוּחַ Isaiah 66:2; דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ Psalm 34:19 (compare לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Isaiah 57:15); מִשֵּׁבֶר רוּחַ Isaiah 65:14 (compare 3f); רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרֶה Psalm 51:19 (|| לֵב נִשְׁבָּר, compare נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב Psalm 34:19; Isaiah 61:1); Psalm 32:2; Proverbs 11:13; Proverbs 16:18; Psalm 78:8; Ecclesiastes 7:8 (compare גְּבַהּלֵב Proverbs 16:5); שְׁפַל רוּחַ Proverbs 16:19; Proverbs 29:23; Isaiah 57:15; רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים Isaiah 57:15 (compare 3f).

†9. spirit of God (94 times; not D or Jeremiah or any Deuteronomic writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy probably discredited from abuse by false prophets, see נביא, נבא):

a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy, Numbers 11:17, 25 (twice in verse); Numbers 11:26, 29 (J), 1 Samuel 10:6, 10 (compare 1 Samuel 10:5), 1 Samuel 19:20, 23; as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as אֱלֹהִים רָעָה ר׳ 1 Samuel 16:15 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 16:16, = רָעָה מֵאֵת י׳ ר׳ 1 Samuel 16:14 = רָעָה א׳ צלח ר׳ 1 Samuel 18:10 (other narrative) = רָעָה י׳ ר׳ 1 Samuel 19:9; א׳ ר׳ 1 Samuel 16:23 = רוּחַ הָרָעָה 1 Samuel 16:23, compare הָרוּחַ 1 Kings 22:21 = שֶׁקֶר ר׳ 1 Kings 22:22; 1 Kings 22:23 2 Chronicles 18:20, 21, 22 = רוּחַ י׳ 1 Kings 22:24 2 Chronicles 18:23; compare also (in earlier prophets) אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, || הַנָּבִּיא Hosea 9:7; רוּחַ י׳ Micah 3:8 (|| בֹּחַ) is probably gloss (We Now); וְלֹא רוּחִי Isaiah 30:1; רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.: Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 3:12, 14, 24; Ezekiel 8:3; Ezekiel 11:1, 5, 24 (Co gloss), Ezekiel 37:1; Ezekiel 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), compare Elijah 1 Kings 18:12; 2 Kings 2:16.

b. spirit as impelling prophets to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition probably Numbers 24:2; 2 Samuel 23:2; 1 Chronicles 12:18; elsewhere in Chronicles: 2 Chronicles 15:1; 20:14; 24:20; distinctly in Isa², Isaiah 48:16, compare Isaiah 61:1; so of ancient prophets, Zechariah 7:12; Nehemiah 9:30; compare, of future prophetic gift, Joel 3:1 [Joel 2:28]; Joel 3:2 [Joel 2:29].

c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power:

(1) to שֹׁפְטִים, מוֺשִׁיעִים, מְלָכִים, of ancient Israel: וַתְּהִי רוּחַ על י׳ Judges 3:10; Judges 11:29, compare Judges 6:34; Judges 13:25; Judges 14:6, 19; Judges 15:14; 1 Samuel 11:6; 1 Samuel 16:13, 14; so also עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֺם Isaiah 32:15;

(2) resting upon Messianic king: Isaiah 11:2 (3 times in verse); upon servant of י׳, Isaiah 42:1.

d. late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill Exodus 31:3; Exodus 35:31 (P); understanding Job 32:8 (|| נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); poured out by divine wisdom Proverbs 1:23.

e. as energy of life: הַמָּ֑יִם עַלַ־פְּנֵי מְרַחֶפֶת אֱלֹהִים רוּחַ Genesis 1:2 (P); רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי Job 33:4 (|| נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); as vital power, opposed to בָשָׂר : Isaiah 31:3; in cherubic chariot: Ezekiel 1:12, compare Ezekiel 1:20; Ezekiel 1:21; Ezekiel 10:17; reviving Israel Ezekiel 39:29; Zechariah 12:10; Isaiah 44:3.

f. = ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina: קָדְשׁוֺ ר׳ Isaiah 63:10, 11 = י׳ ר׳ Isaiah 63:14 (= פָּנָיו מַלְאַךְ Isaiah 63:9), compare Psalm 106:33; so also קָדְשְׁךָ ר׳ Psalm 51:13 (in national prayer), compare Nehemiah 9:20; Psalm 143:10; prophets of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises: רוּחִי עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֺכֲכֶם Haggai 2:5; Zechariah 4:6; this conception culminates in רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent, Psalm 139:7 (|| פָּנֶיךָ; compare Psalm 139:8).

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