מִזְבֵּחַ
Transliteration
mizbēaḥ
Pronunciation
miz-bay'-akh
Part of Speech
masculine noun
Root Word (Etymology)
From זָבַח (H2076)
Dictionary Aids

TWOT Reference: 525b

Strong’s Definitions

מִזְבֵּחַ mizbêach, miz-bay'-akh; from H2076; an altar:—altar.


KJV Translation Count — Total: 402x

The KJV translates Strong's H4196 in the following manner: altar (402x).

KJV Translation Count — Total: 402x
The KJV translates Strong's H4196 in the following manner: altar (402x).
  1. altar

Strong’s Definitions [?](Strong’s Definitions Legend)
מִזְבֵּחַ mizbêach, miz-bay'-akh; from H2076; an altar:—altar.
STRONGS H4196: Abbreviations
מִזְבֵּחַ 401 noun masculineJoshua 22:10 altar (Arabic , place of slaughter, trench made by torrent, Sabean מדֿבח DHMEpigr. Denkm. 24); מ׳ absolute 2 Kings 18:22 223 times, הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה Exodus 29:13 31 times; construct מִזְבַּח Exodus 20:24 76 times, suffix מִזְבְּחִי Exodus 20:26 7 times, מִזְבַּחֲךָ 1 Kings 8:31 3 times,מִזְבְּחֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 33:10; מִזְבְּחוֺ Judges 6:31 2 times; plural מִזְבְּחֹת Numbers 23:1 5 times, מִזְבְּחוֺת 2 Kings 21:3 23 times, suffix מִזְבְּחוֺתֶיךָ Psalm 84:4, other suffixes 21 times; —
1. J E narrate that altars were built by Noah after leaving the ark Genesis 8:20; by Abraham at Shechem Genesis 12:7, Bethel Genesis 12:8, Hebron Genesis 13:18, mountain in land Moriah Genesis 22:9; by Issac at Beersheba Genesis 26:25; by Jacob at Shechem Genesis 33:20 (yet this perhaps mistake for מַצֵּבָה, being object of וַיַּצֶּבשָֿׁם, not elsewhere with מזבח, compare also Di), at Bethel Genesis 35:7, by Moses at Rephidim Exodus 17:15, Horeb Exodus 24:4, by Balak at Bamoth Baal, Pisgah, & Peor Numbers 23:1,14,29; by Joshua on Mt. Ebal Joshua 8:30: the prophetic histories narrate that altars were built by Gideon at Ophra Judges 6:24; by a man of God at Bethel Judges 21:4; by Samuel at Ramah 1 Samuel 7:17; by Saul after Michmash 1 Samuel 14:35; by David on the threshing floor of Ornan 2 Samuel 24:25 = 1 Chronicles 21:18; 1 Chronicles 22:1; that Solomon sacrificed on the altar at Gibeon 1 Kings 3:4 and built altars in the temple at Jerusalem 1 Kings 6:20; 1 Kings 8:64; that Jeroboam built an altar at Bethel 1 Kings 12:32 (which was destroyed by Josiah 2 Kings 23:15); and that Elijah repaired an ancient altar on Carmel 1 Kings 18:30. An altar in Egypt is predicted Isaiah 19:19. All this accords with the law of the Covenant code Exodus 20:24-26 which recognises a plurality of altars and prescribes that they shall be built of אֲדָמָה, or of unhewn stones, and without steps. So אֲבָנִים Deuteronomy 27:6 (JE), אֲבָנִים שְׁלֵמוֺת Joshua 8:31, and twelve stones 1 Kings 18:30,32; compare Isaiah 27:9. The altar was also a place of refuge Exodus 21:24 (JE) 1 Kings 1:50,51; 1 Kings 2:28.
2. D prescribes one central altar Deuteronomy 12:5f. 27; but no attempt to enforce this principle appears before Hezekiah (2 Kings 18:4,22), and Josiah, whose reform is more effectual, 2 Kings 23:8-20.
3. P limits sacrifices to the altars of the tabernacle. A great altar was built east of the Jordan, but it was according to P only as an עֵד after the pattern of the altar before the Tabernacle Joshua 22:10-34. P describes two altars:
a. the מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה Exodus 30:28; Exodus 31:9; Exodus 35:16; Exodus 38:1; Exodus 40:6,10,29; Leviticus 4:7,10,25 (twice in verse); Leviticus 4:30,34 = הַנְּחשֶׁת מ׳ Exodus 38:30; Exodus 39:39, made of acacia wood plated with brass, 5x5x3 cubits in size, with four horns and a network of brass, on which all sacrifices by fire were made Exodus 27:1; Exodus 8; Exodus 38:1-7;
b. מִקְטַר קְטֹרֶת מ׳ made of acacia wood plated with gold, 1x1x2 cubits in size, with four horns and a crown of gold Exodus 30:1-6 = הקטרת מ׳ Exodus 30:27; Exodus 31:8; Exodus 35:15; Exodus 37:25 = הזהב מ׳ Exodus 39:38; Exodus 40:5,26; Numbers 4:11 = קטרת הַסַּמִּים מ׳ Leviticus 4:7; these altars are named elsewhere only in Chronicles: 1 Chronicles 6:34; 1 Chronicles 16:40; 1 Chronicles 21:29; 2 Chronicles 1:5,6.
4. Solomon made two altars for the temple at Jerusalem:
a. הַנְּחשֶׁת מ׳ for the court 1 Kings 8:64 (which was laid aside by Ahaz 2 Kings 16:14,15, who made an altar after the model of one he saw in Damascus 2 Kings 16:11); in 2 Kings 16:14 הַמִּזְבַּח הַנּ׳ (construct form with article) is erroneous, read probably מִזְבַּח compare Ges§ 127. 4 a near the end; this altar, according to Chronicles, measured 20x20x10 cubits 2 Chronicles 4:1; this מזבח (ה)נחשׁת also 2 Chronicles 7:7 & Ezekiel 9:2; = העולה מ׳ 2 Chronicles 29:18, repaired by Asa 2 Chronicles 15:8;
b. an altar of cedar, plated with gold, in the temple before the דְּבִיר 1 Kings 6:20,22; 1 Kings 7:48; = הזהב מ׳ 2 Chronicles 4:19; = הַקְּטֹרֶת מ׳ 1 Chronicles 28:18; 2 Chronicles 26:16.
5. Ezekiel plans two altars for the new temple:
a. a table of wood 3x2 cubits Ezekiel 41:22;
b. an altar for the court, probably same dimensions as 4a, with stairs Ezekiel 43:13-17.
6. after the return Jeshua built an altar on the ancient site in the court of the temple Ezra 3:2.
7. besides these altars used in the worship of Yahweh, Ahab built an altar to Baal in Samaria 1 Kings 16:32; Ahaz made an altar on the roof of the upper chamber, and other kings of Judah made altars in the two courts, all of which were destroyed by Josiah 2 Kings 23:12.
8. the ancient and most common term for making altars was בָּנָה Genesis 35:7 (E) Genesis 8:20 (J) Deuteronomy 27:5,6; Exodus 32:5 (JE) +, implying building material; other verbs are הֵקִים 2 Samuel 24:18; 1 Kings 16:32; 2 Kings 21:3; 1 Chronicles 21:18; 2 Chronicles 33:3; הֵכִין Ezra 3:3 (followed by עַלמְֿכוֺנֹתָו֯); שִׂים Jeremiah 11:13; וַיַּצֶּבֿ Genesis 33:20 (but compare 1); Numbers 23:4 (E) has עָרַךְ arrange, prepare; עָשָׂה Genesis 35:1,3; Exodus 20:24 (E) Genesis 13:4 (J) Judges 22:28; 1 Kings 12:33; 1 Kings 18:26; this becomes usual in P, Exodus 27:1; Exodus 30:1; Exodus 37:25; Exodus 38:1,30, so 2 Chronicles 4:1, 2 Chronicles 4:19; 2 Chronicles 7:7; 2 Chronicles 428:24.
9. the dedication of the altar was חֲנֻכַּת המזבח Numbers 7:10,11,84,88; 2 Chronicles 7:9; it was anointed with oil מָשַׁח Exodus 40:10; Leviticus 8:11; Numbers 7:10 (all P).
10. removal of unlawful altars is expressed by נָתַץ Exodus 34:13 (JE) Deuteronomy 7:5; Judges 2:2; Judges 6:30,31,32; 2 Kings 11:18; 2 Kings 23:12,15; נִתַּץ (Pi) Deuteronomy 12:3; 2 Chronicles 31:1; 34:4,7; נֻתַּץ Judges 6:28; הָרַס Judges 6:25; 1 Kings 19:10,14; שִׁבַּר 2 Chronicles 23:17; הֵסִיר 2 Kings 18:22 = Isaiah 36:7; 2 Chronicles 14:2; 2 Chronicles 30:14; 32:12; 33:15.
11. ministry at the altar was מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַמּ׳ Numbers 18:5; Ezekiel 40:46, compare Numbers 3:31 (P), מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מ׳ Joel 1:13; עָמַד עַל is said of officiating priest 1 Kings 13:1, עָלָה עַל Exodus 20:26; 1 Samuel 2:28; 1 Kings 12:33 + (compare יָרַד Leviticus 9:22); sacrifices were usually offered עַלהַֿמִּזְבֵּחַ Genesis 22:9; Deuteronomy 12:27 +; see especially the phrases with זָרַק Exodus 29:16,20 + (see זרק); הִקְטִיר Leviticus 4:10 (see קטר Hiph.); הֶעֱלָה Leviticus 6:3 + (see עלה Hiph.) לְבַעֵר Nehemiah 10:35; but בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ Genesis 8:20 (J) Numbers 23:2,4,14,30 (E); one touching the altar is הַנֹּגֵעַ בַּמּ׳ Exodus 29:37 (P); לפני המ׳ of placing, or standing before altar Deuteronomy 26:4; 1 Kings 8:22; as accusative of location הַמִּזְבֵּ֫חָה in phrases especially with הִקְטִיר Exodus 29:13 +, and הֶעֱלָה Leviticus 14:20.
12. the horns of the altar were especially for the application of the blood of the sin-offering in the ritual; sin is represented as graven לְקַרְנוֺת מִזְבְּחוֺתֵיכֶם Jeremiah 17:1; therefore of blood for cleansing it was said נָתַן על קרנות המ׳ Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7,18,25,30,34; Leviticus 8:15; Leviticus 9:9; Leviticus 16:18 (all P). An ancient custom is referred to, Psalm 118:27 אִסְרוחַֿג בַּעֲבֹתִ֑ים עַדקֿרנות המזבח bind the festal victim with cords, unto the horns of the altar: Ainsworth paraphrases: 'that is, all the court over, untill you come even to the hornes of the altar, intending hereby many sacrifices,' so De; but Che 'bind the procession with branches, (step on) to the altar-horns,' that is in sacred procession round the altar.
13. the יְסוֺד (q. v.) is also referred to in the ritual of the sin-offerings in the phrases יָצַק אל יסוד Leviticus 8:15; Leviticus 9:9 & שָׁפַךְ אל יסוד Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7,18,25,30,34 (all P) יִמָּצֵה אל יסוד Leviticus 5:9.
14. the altar was קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים Exodus 29:37; Exodus 40:10 (P); but repeated sin-offerings were necessary to keep it pure and cleanse it from the pollution of the people in whose midst it was situated. This is expressed by חִטֵּא Leviticus 8:15 (P) Ezekiel 43:22; כִּפֶּר Leviticus 16:20,33 (P) Ezekiel 43:26; קִדַּשׁ Exodus 29:44; Exodus 40:10; Leviticus 8:15; Numbers 7:1 (P); טִהַר 2 Chronicles 29:18.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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References

Genesis

Genesis 8:20; Genesis 8:20; Genesis 8:20; Genesis 12:7; Genesis 12:8; Genesis 13:4; Genesis 13:18; Genesis 22:9; Genesis 22:9; Genesis 26:25; Genesis 33:20; Genesis 33:20; Genesis 35:1; Genesis 35:3; Genesis 35:7; Genesis 35:7

Exodus

8; Exodus 17:15; Exodus 20:24; Exodus 20:24; Exodus 20:24; Exodus 20:25; Exodus 20:26; Exodus 20:26; Exodus 20:26; Exodus 21:24; Exodus 24:4; Exodus 27:1; Exodus 27:1; Exodus 29:12; Exodus 29:12; Exodus 29:13; Exodus 29:13; Exodus 29:16; Exodus 29:20; Exodus 29:37; Exodus 29:37; Exodus 29:44; Exodus 30:1; Exodus 30:1; Exodus 30:2; Exodus 30:3; Exodus 30:4; Exodus 30:5; Exodus 30:6; Exodus 30:27; Exodus 30:28; Exodus 31:8; Exodus 31:9; Exodus 32:5; Exodus 34:13; Exodus 35:15; Exodus 35:16; Exodus 37:25; Exodus 37:25; Exodus 38:1; Exodus 38:1; Exodus 38:1; Exodus 38:2; Exodus 38:3; Exodus 38:4; Exodus 38:5; Exodus 38:6; Exodus 38:7; Exodus 38:30; Exodus 38:30; Exodus 39:38; Exodus 39:39; Exodus 40:5; Exodus 40:6; Exodus 40:10; Exodus 40:10; Exodus 40:10; Exodus 40:10; Exodus 40:26; Exodus 40:29

Leviticus

Leviticus 4:7; Leviticus 4:7; Leviticus 4:7; Leviticus 4:7; Leviticus 4:10; Leviticus 4:10; Leviticus 4:18; Leviticus 4:18; Leviticus 4:25; Leviticus 4:25; Leviticus 4:25; Leviticus 4:30; Leviticus 4:30; Leviticus 4:30; Leviticus 4:34; Leviticus 4:34; Leviticus 4:34; Leviticus 5:9; Leviticus 6:3; Leviticus 8:11; Leviticus 8:15; Leviticus 8:15; Leviticus 8:15; Leviticus 8:15; Leviticus 9:9; Leviticus 9:9; Leviticus 9:22; Leviticus 14:20; Leviticus 16:18; Leviticus 16:20; Leviticus 16:33

Numbers

Numbers 3:31; Numbers 4:11; Numbers 7:1; Numbers 7:10; Numbers 7:10; Numbers 7:11; Numbers 7:84; Numbers 7:88; Numbers 18:5; Numbers 23:1; Numbers 23:1; Numbers 23:2; Numbers 23:4; Numbers 23:4; Numbers 23:14; Numbers 23:14; Numbers 23:29; Numbers 23:30

Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy 7:5; Deuteronomy 12:3; Deuteronomy 12:5; Deuteronomy 12:27; Deuteronomy 12:27; Deuteronomy 26:4; Deuteronomy 27:5; Deuteronomy 27:6; Deuteronomy 27:6; Deuteronomy 33:10

Joshua

Joshua 8:30; Joshua 8:31; Joshua 22:10; Joshua 22:10; Joshua 22:11; Joshua 22:12; Joshua 22:13; Joshua 22:14; Joshua 22:15; Joshua 22:16; Joshua 22:17; Joshua 22:18; Joshua 22:19; Joshua 22:20; Joshua 22:21; Joshua 22:22; Joshua 22:23; Joshua 22:24; Joshua 22:25; Joshua 22:26; Joshua 22:27; Joshua 22:28; Joshua 22:29; Joshua 22:30; Joshua 22:31; Joshua 22:32; Joshua 22:33; Joshua 22:34

Judges

Judges 2:2; Judges 6:24; Judges 6:25; Judges 6:28; Judges 6:30; Judges 6:31; Judges 6:31; Judges 6:32; Judges 21:4

1 Samuel

1 Samuel 2:28; 1 Samuel 7:17; 1 Samuel 14:35

2 Samuel

2 Samuel 24:18; 2 Samuel 24:25

1 Kings

1 Kings 1:50; 1 Kings 1:51; 1 Kings 2:28; 1 Kings 3:4; 1 Kings 6:20; 1 Kings 6:20; 1 Kings 6:22; 1 Kings 7:48; 1 Kings 8:22; 1 Kings 8:31; 1 Kings 8:64; 1 Kings 8:64; 1 Kings 12:32; 1 Kings 12:33; 1 Kings 12:33; 1 Kings 13:1; 1 Kings 16:32; 1 Kings 16:32; 1 Kings 18:26; 1 Kings 18:30; 1 Kings 18:30; 1 Kings 18:32; 1 Kings 19:10; 1 Kings 19:14

2 Kings

2 Kings 11:18; 2 Kings 16:11; 2 Kings 16:14; 2 Kings 16:14; 2 Kings 16:15; 2 Kings 18:2; 2 Kings 18:4; 2 Kings 18:22; 2 Kings 18:22; 2 Kings 18:22; 2 Kings 21:3; 2 Kings 21:3; 2 Kings 23:8; 2 Kings 23:9; 2 Kings 23:10; 2 Kings 23:11; 2 Kings 23:12; 2 Kings 23:12; 2 Kings 23:12; 2 Kings 23:13; 2 Kings 23:14; 2 Kings 23:15; 2 Kings 23:15; 2 Kings 23:15; 2 Kings 23:16; 2 Kings 23:17; 2 Kings 23:18; 2 Kings 23:19; 2 Kings 23:20

1 Chronicles

1 Chronicles 6:34; 1 Chronicles 16:40; 1 Chronicles 21:18; 1 Chronicles 21:18; 1 Chronicles 21:29; 1 Chronicles 22:1; 1 Chronicles 28:18

2 Chronicles

2 Chronicles 1:5; 2 Chronicles 1:6; 2 Chronicles 4:1; 2 Chronicles 4:1; 2 Chronicles 4:19; 2 Chronicles 4:19; 2 Chronicles 7:7; 2 Chronicles 7:7; 2 Chronicles 7:9; 2 Chronicles 14:2; 2 Chronicles 15:8; 2 Chronicles 23:17; 2 Chronicles 26:16; 2 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:14; 2 Chronicles 31:1; 2 Chronicles 32:12; 2 Chronicles 33:3; 2 Chronicles 33:15; 2 Chronicles 34:4; 2 Chronicles 34:7

Ezra

Ezra 3:2; Ezra 3:3

Nehemiah

Nehemiah 10:35

Psalms

Psalms 84:4; Psalms 118:27

Isaiah

Isaiah 19:19; Isaiah 27:9; Isaiah 36:7

Jeremiah

Jeremiah 11:13; Jeremiah 17:1

Ezekiel

Ezekiel 9:2; Ezekiel 40:46; Ezekiel 41:22; Ezekiel 43:13; Ezekiel 43:14; Ezekiel 43:15; Ezekiel 43:16; Ezekiel 43:17; Ezekiel 43:22; Ezekiel 43:26

Joel

Joel 1:13